BASAS ANNUAL CONFERENCE

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BASAS ANNUAL CONFERENCE 2002

Lancaster University, UK, 15-17 April 2002

BASAS annual conferences are noted for their friendliness, informality, and open interdisciplinary intellectual exchange.

PANELS AND CONVENORS

PANELS CONVENORS
Diaspora Stacey Burlet (Suffolk) s.d.burlet@bradford.ac.uk
South Asian Migration B Rogaly (UEA) b.rogaly@uea.ac.uk
Globalisation and South Asia J Harriss, Johncharriss@aol.com
The Condition of Democracy in South Asia K Adeney (University of Oxford) katharine.adeney@balliol.ox.ac.uk
India's Decade of Reforms K Sen (UEA) k.sen@uea.ac.uk
South Asian Economies V Balasubramanyam (Uni. of Lancaster) v.balasubramanyam@lancaster.ac.uk
South Asian Development Geography Apurba Kundu (University of Bradford) a.kundu@bradford.ac.uk
Security in South Asia Graham Chapman (University of Lancaster) g.chapman@lancaster.ac.uk
Local Culture and Modernity in Colonial India Jeffrey Diamond (SOAS) jd20@soas.ac.uk and Markus Daechsel mdaechsel@aol.com

BASAS PRIZE 2002

The BASAS Prize 2002 of £100 will be awarded for the best paper presented by a post-graduate student. Contact BASAS Secretary Dr Graham Chapman for further details.

(There are also a limited number of bursaries of £50 for registered postgraduate students who present a paper.)

INVITATION FOR SUBMISSIONS

PANELS: To convene a panel on a topic in addition to those listed above, please contact BASAS Secretary Dr Graham Chapman, Department of Geography, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, UK. Tel: +44-(0)1524 593737, email: g.chapman@lancaster.ac.uk. Closing date for panel offers: 31 January 2002.

PAPERS: To present a paper in one of the panels listed above, please contact the relevant Panel Convenor. Closing date for paper offers for established panels: 28 February 2002. Although BASAS does not publish conference papers in full, abstracts are published in the subsequent edition of the BASAS Bulletin.

FULL PROGRAMME AND ABSTRACTS

MONDAY, 15 APRIL

  • 10:00 onwards: REGISTRATION
  • 11:30: COFFEE
  • 2:00-5:00: SOUTH ASIAN DEVELOPMENT GEOGRAPHY, Convenor: Apurba Kundu (University of Bradford) a.kundu@bradford.ac.uk
    • Environment, Development and Governance in the East Calcutta Wetlands Waste Recycling Region, David Treloar (University of Staffordshire) The East Calcutta Wetlands, to the east of Calcutta, India, contain an indigenous, environmentally sustainable, economically productive waste recycling system that has been operative for over a century. Solid and liquid wastes are regarded as resources, not pollutants, the only ingredients being sunlight and cheap labour (poverty). Over 50,000 people are employed in this system, producing fish, rice and vegetables. It also serves seven million people in Calcutta with free garbage and wastewater treatment and acts as a major sink for storm water during the monsoon season, preventing flooding and associated health problems within Calcutta. With the rapid urban growth of Calcutta there is great development pressure on the Waste Recycling Region because of its proximity to the centre of Calcutta and its natural beauty. Developers and speculators are very active in the area. On the periphery of this area a new town, Rajarhat, to the north, and a large industrial complex, Karaidanga, to the east, are being developed by the West Bengal Government. Within five years at least two million people will live or work in these new urban areas. Wetlands are protected from development by legislation, and the 12,500 hectares of the Waste Recycling Region are protected by a 1992 judgement of the Calcutta High Court. Development whilst curtailed at present constantly threatens the region. This paper will describe the environmental importance of the region, its importance for speculative development and critically examine the governance structures that will ultimately decide its fate.
    • Bengal's Millennium Flood, Graham Chapman (University of Lancaster) and Kalyan Rudra In September 2000 parts of the state of West Bengal in India suffered a sudden and catastrophic flood, in which upwards of 17 million people suffered massive economic losses, and perhaps as many as 5,000 people may have died. This is an area of dense settlement and intense poverty, in which development has stagnated for decades and in which capital accumulation is painfully slow. This paper describes the flood, its most likely immediate causes, the survival strategies of the afflicted, and the nature of recovery and rehabilitation so far. It seeks to find out what lessons can be learned to mitigate a future calamity. But we also seek to re-open a debate about other causes which are remoter in time and larger in scale — namely the question of what constitutes appropriate and sustainable development in the Bengal delta.
    • Eco-tourism Development in India, Kevin Hannam (University of Sunderland) This paper reviews the current tourism development policies of the Government of India. However, it is argued that there are major conflicts between the policies and practices of the Ministry of Tourism and the Ministry of Environment & Forests. As a result, the ecotourism development strategies that have been attempted thus far have been extremely fragmented. The paper explores the resulting conflicts at a specific national park - Kanha in Madhya Pradesh. Firstly, it examines the conflicts between the protection of specific species such as the tiger and the promotion of tourism development. Secondly, it examines the conflicts that arise between the management of a national park and the local villagers that are often displaced. Thirdly, it examines the conflicts that exist between domestic and foreign tourists. It is argued that specific animal species such as tigers are an important part of both conservation and ecotourism strategies and that the latter need to become an integral part of park management and planning.
    • Rising Waters, sinking land? Environmental change and development in Bangladesh, Robert W Bradnock (King's College London) and Pat Saunders In the light of the new cooperative water development agreements in South Asia since 1996, and in particular the 1996 Ganges Waters Treaty between India and Bangladesh, this paper explores the geopolitical obstacles to co-operation between states in the joint development of large-scale river systems and current opportunities for successful development. The general problems of cooperation faced by the riparian states which share successive rivers are examined with reference to the geopolitical obstacles to co-operation in the Bengal delta since India and Pakistan gained Independence in 1947. Against the background of repeated attempts to resolve water sharing issues between India and East Pakistan and its successor state, Bangladesh, this paper concludes that for cooperation to succeed contemporary large-scale river development has to meet a wide range of criteria which go beyond conventional engineering or economic cost-benefit analyses to geopolitical criteria which range from global scale environmental concerns to micro-scale issues of mutual regional benefit. This paper proposes a major new development on the Brahmaputra and Ganges which it argues could break the log-jam of a zero-sum game approach to surface water development in the Bengal delta. Unlike most large-scale dam-building proposals the barrage construction outlined would cause negligible population displacement, and making maximum use of existing river channels would minimise the environmental impacts associated with the large canal or dam construction envisaged in earlier Brahmaputra schemes. It is argued that if implemented it could bring economic, environmental and political advantages to all users in the basin.
    • Participation, poverty and power: poor people's engagement with India's Employment Assurance Scheme, Glyn Williams (Keele University), René Véron (LSE), Stuart Corbridge (LSE) and Manoj Srivastava (LSE) ‘Participation' has recently become an essential part of good developmental practice. It is propounded by governments in the global South, as well as by NGOs and international agencies. In this paper we reflect critically on the importance of this shift in practice by investigating how a ‘participatory' development programme — India's Employment Assurance Scheme (EAS) — intersects with poor people's existing social networks and their patterns of access to power brokers. By placing the formalised process of participation in the EAS within the context of these varied and uneven village-level relationships, we raise a number of important issues for participatory development practice. Our analysis not only highlights the heterogeneity of ‘grassroots' (dis)empowerment within individual villages, it also challenges existing models of poor people's agency and the transfer of power model that is implicit within the participatory development literature.
  • 5:00-6:00 TEA and EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE MEETING and PUBLISHERS' EXHIBITION
  • 6:00-7:30: RECEPTION
  • 7:30 onwards: DINNER

TUESDAY, 16 APRIL

  • 9:00-10:00: THE CONDITION OF DEMOCRACY IN SOUTH ASIA, Convenor: K Adeney (University of Oxford) katharine.adeney@balliol.ox.ac.uk
    • Paths towards democracy in South Asia, Andrew Wyatt (University of Bristol) and Katharine Adeney (Balliol College, University of Oxford) The uneven democratic career of the states of South Asia can be explained by recourse to two theoretical approaches to democratization. Transition theory focuses on the contribution of political elites to transitions to democracy: their actions having a decisive and largely intentional impact on democratic outcomes. The structuralist approach concentrates on the structural conditions that favour democracy and authoritarianism. The role of elites is not discussed at length and instead attention is drawn to the influence of slowly changing social structures, specifically the class structures. We propose an alternative approach that recognises the relevance of both structure and agency and takes into account the concept of path dependence. Path dependence draws our attention to the importance of history in the study of democracy. In particular it confirms that we should look closely at periods of ‘critical juncture' as periods when institutional structures are malleable and individuals, or individuals acting collectively, are able to reshape structures. We will argue that recognition of the relationship between structure and agency provides an innovative way of accounting for the vicissitudes in South Asia's democratic experience.
    • Civil Conflict in Sri Lanka: Problems of consolidation, Alan Bullion (The Open University) This paper will examine the costs and consequences of the conflict in Sri Lanka and how this continues to impede the process of democratic consolidation, according to criteria developed by Adrian Leftwich. It will be argued that although Sri Lanka achieved the trappings and institutionalisation of parliamentary democracy soon after independence in 1948, the subsequent adoption of majoritarian policies has prevented consolidation. The outcome and ramifications of the December 2001 election will be explored in this respect.
  • 10:00-11:00 ECONOMIES I , Convenor
    • Village Economy and the Market: Experience from Village Sri Lanka, J.A. Karunaratne and Yun Lihong (University of Karlstad)
    • Governance and Backwardness: Bastar region of Chhatisgarh, Priti Biswas (University of Lancaster) The Indian developmental state has changed radically in the last decade. The top-down centralised development strategy with expanded role of public sector has given way to greater reliance on markets and the private sector. Furthermore, there has been increasing devolution of power and responsibility downwards to state and district levels. The creation of new States, however, represent much more than mere satisfaction of local demands for separate identity based on linguistic criterion and greater political representation at the centre. It reflects an underlying feeling of relative neglect caused by low levels of development or ‘backwardness' which give rise to such regional movements in the first place. Bastar is a hilly tract of the Deccan which contains the largest expanse of tropical moist deciduous forest surviving in India, and it is also extremely rich in mineral resources. Historically, this region has been settled by tribal peoples, mainly Gonds, who have eked out a simple living by a combination of subsistence agriculture and collection of forest produce. Bangladesh's war of independence and subsequent influx of refugees into India had important repercussions for Bastar following the governments' decision to settle them as a part of the Dandakaranya Project. Immigrants brought with them outside influences and changes in the social and political structures slowly took place leading to a gradual erosion of tribal influence and dominance in the mainstream of socio-political culture of Bastar. The thesis will undertake a systematic analysis of the development of Bastar region with particular reference to the tribal people. It will do so by examining the process of government devolution in interaction with local social and political power structures.
  • 11:00-11.30 COFFEE
  • 11:30-1:00 SECURITY, Convenor: Graham Chapman (University of Lancaster) g.chapman@lancaster.ac.uk
    • September 11 and Islamic Fundamentalism: Myth or Reality, A.Z. Hilali (University of Hull) The terrorist attacks on the World Trade Centre and the Pentagon on September 11 (2001) have changed the international environment. The United States and the Western democratic countries no longer feel secure because terrorist organisations have developed unanticipated capabilities and they have a well organised network in the world. Osama bin Laden and the Taliban of Afghanistan introduced a narrow and violent version of Islam and exploited jihad without understanding the real concept. They wanted the United States out of the Persian Gulf and particularly out of the holy land of Saudi Arabia. The extremists claim that the US keep Muslim people in poverty, illiterate and backward. They also complain that the US is responsible for the continued suffering of the people of Iraq and for the Israeli occupation of the West Bank, Gaza Strip and the rest of the world. Before September 11, the US neither treated Muslim freedom organisations including Al-Quada, Hamas and Jaish-e-Muhammad or the Taliban as a threat to the West, nor did they show any serious concerns with their activities and its training, techniques and tactics, but the situation changed when Bin Laden targeted the US embassies in Kenya and Tanzania in 1998 and later attacked the United States' power symbols. Thus, the US appears determined to go after these groups in the hope of eliminating the terrorist network, training camps and bases in Afghanistan which is one of the biggest sources of terror in recent times. The September 11 event damaged the Muslim prestige and the religion of Islam and Muslims in various parts of the world are being held responsible for the trials the world was facing. This so-called Muslim-Christian crusade put the Muslims in a defensive position and their voice seems to be less effective. Muslim separatist or freedom movements in various parts of the world have lost their external support because of the US pressure to contain terrorist movements in the world. In the circumstances, the majority of Muslims are trying to convince the West that Islamic doctrine and culture are not hostile to the Western values: thus, they should oppose the extremist Muslims but not blame all Islam. Nevertheless, Islam is a religion of peace and tolerance. Terrorism has no religion and belief and it is to be condemned. However, terrorism can only be eliminated if the world looks for the root causes and addresses and tackles the issues fairly and honourably, then the world will be more peaceful and prosperous.
    • State murder in Curzonian India, Michael Carrington (University of Coventry) Towards the latter half of the nineteenth century questions began to be asked in Britain concerning the treatment that Indians received at the hands of military personnel. In the House of Commons, inquiries were usually dismissed with the notion that collisions occurred infrequently and that they were "not very numerous". At the commencement of his Viceroyalty, Lord Curzon seemed a little unsure about the frequency of assaults or the sheer scale of judicial injustice that was taking place. However, after only a short time he confided that the "question of outrages committed in India upon Natives [had] for some time been occupying [his] attention.. The Viceroy confessed that these incidents ‘ate into his very soul' and indicated that, if they reflected "a deliberate temper [he would] take steps to interfere". He believed that not only should these sorts of outrages not occur in a country under British rule, but the fact that "everybody, commanding officers, officials, juries [and] departments should conspire to screen the guilty" was in his judgement, "a blot on the British name".
  • 1-1:00-2:00: LUNCH
  • 2:00-4:00: INDIA'S DECADE OF REFORMS, Convenor: Kunal Sen (University of East Anglia) k.sen@uea.ac.uk
    • India: Economic reforms and Export Performance in India, Rajendra Vaidya (Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research)
    • Reconsidering India's Economic Nationalism, Andrew Wyatt (University of Bristol) The process of economic liberalisation and reform that began in 1991 signaled a de facto rejection of India's inward oriented economic nationalism. The BJP's particular use of the term 'swadeshi' and performance in government since 1998 could be seen as further evidence that economic nationalism has ceased to provide the rationale behind India's economic strategy. This paper will argue that by taking a closer look at the realist logic behind the neomercantilist approach to international political economy we can understand how economic nationalism continues to inform policy in changing circumstances. The paper will identify a longstanding nexus between India's development strategy and foreign policy that remains relevant. The paper will argue that this realist logic still holds considerable influence over policymakers though such an approach may be less than optimal.
    • Agricultural price policy in India: Some issues in the context of trade liberalisation, A. Ganesh Kumar (Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research and University of East Anglia)
    • Some structural problems in financing development: Issues relating to India, Santonu Basu (South Bank University)
  • 4:00: TEA
  • 4:30-5:30: SOUTH ASIAN MIGRATION, Convenor: B Rogaly (University of East Anglia) b.rogaly@uea.ac.uk
    • Migration in Policy and Practice in South Asia, Francis Watkins (University of Edinburgh) The paper is based on research funded by the Department for International Development, in which I examined national and regional policy on international migration from South Asia in order to understand the impact of government interventions on migration flows. In this paper I will first look at changing migration flows over the last thirty years, and will then go on to look at the ways in which policy affects migrants from sending and to receiving countries. International migration flows from South Asia have changed significantly over the last three decades, in terms of numbers of migrants, their places of origin and the range of destinations. The numbers of migrants from all the countries of South Asia have grown considerably, particularly in the last ten years. Migration flows are becoming more complex, in response to a greater range of demands for labour of all types, from highly skilled to domestic and unskilled, and for both legal and illegal workers, and from an increasing range of countries. To understand how policies affect migrants, I consider two sets of examples. First, in looking at the policies on emigration from South Asia, I will contrast Sri Lanka, where there has been a growing proportion of female emigrants, with Nepal and Bangladesh, where there are concerns about the trafficking of women and children. Second, to examine some aspects of immigration policies, I compare Europe, where efforts are concentrated on controlling entry of migrants, with the Gulf states, where policies are aimed at developing a sense of insecurity amongst migrants and aim to discourage long-term settlement.
    • The embodies work and well-being of seasonal migrant labourers' lives in Maharashtra, Lou Waite (University of East Anglia) This paper will explore the embodied work and well-being of seasonal migrant labourers' lives in Maharashtra, with a particular focus on the inscription of working practices on their bodies . It is generally assumed rather than established that work unequivocally leads to well-being enhancement. Work has been seen to be pivotal to many understandings of poverty reduction and well-being enhancement as exemplified in both the New Poverty Agenda and many Women in Development policies which emphasise labour-intensive growth and greater participation by women in employment (World Bank 1990, UNDP 1995). Gender analysts in particular have, however, questioned the pathways through which work leads to well-being, for example, through 'time-famine' experienced by poor women due to long working days, cultural disapproval of women in employment, and gender conflict within households. This paper explores the extent to which there is a new discursive space in the work to well-being nexus for a novel exploration of issues around embodiment to better understand work/well-being linkages within labour-intensive livelihoods. Research on embodiment in the west has tended to focus on 'abnormal' bodies, such as the anorexic, and on sexualities. However, using a concept of embodiment seems useful when approaching poverty analysis as it attends in new and subtle ways to the endowment which poor seasonal migrant labourers rely on more than any other - their bodies. In the context of their energy-intensive work, this paper will focus on the inscription of working practices on the bodies of these labourers, and the extent to which this links to concepts of well-being. Migration in Policy and Practice in South Asia
    • The World is my Oyster: The emergent working self of the globe-trotting Indian software professional, Meera Warrier (University of East Anglia)
  • 6:00-7:00 BASAS AGM
  • 7:30 onwards: CONFERENCE DINNER

WEDNESDAY, 17 APRIL

  • 9:00-11:00: LOCAL CULTURE AND MODERNITY IN COLONIAL INDIA, Convenors: Jeffrey Diamond (SOAS) jd20@soas.ac.uk and Markus Daechsel mdaechsel@aol.com
    • The civilisational obsessions of Abdul Jilani Barque, Markus Daechsel
    • Persian Education and an Urdu Curriculum: Transforming and Secularizing Maktab Education in Colonial North-West India, Jeffrey M. Diamond
    • Christian Missionaries and the British Indian State: 19th century voluntarism and Indian secularism, Nandini Chatterjee (St Catharine's College, University of Cambridge)
    • The tension between Muslim and Western societies: political rather than civilisational, SM Ali Taghavi (Lincoln) Since the terrorist attacks of September the 11th, Samuel Huntington's theory of "clash of civilisations" is gaining ground. According to a journalistic version of the theory, Osama bin Laden and its supporters are bad guys waging a war against the western way of life and freedoms enjoyed by prosperous inhabitants of western societies. Interestingly, the other side of the story, that is, Bin Laden and supporters of the overthrown regime of Taleban, use a similar terminology, and describe the present war as a fight between Islam and the infidels, which another version of the fight between good and evil. The theory of clash of civilisations helps both sides to recruit more people of their own side to their ranks. However, it is of paramount importance to avoid a sort of terminology that might explain some, but not all, the facts. Such a theory might be misleading. Values of freedom and democracy are as much understandable for non-western societies as values of community and spirituality are for western societies. The difference is that they rank these values differently. Political problems, on the other hand, are relatively easier to solve, and in the case of the Middle East and South East Asia, the West can help resolving problems which itself has helped their creation. Claiming that the roots of conflict are political, I am not trying to give any credit to the way that the conflict is fought.
  • 11:00-11:30 LUNCH
  • 12:00-1:00 DIASPORA, Convenor
    • Elements to the comprehension of Hindu Diaspora: the Portuguese experience, Nuno Dias (University of Lisbon) In this paper what we aim it is to trace the course of the Hindu dispersion and to identify the elements that characterize it and simultaneously allow us to distinguish it of the other migrating groups in established in Portugal with origin in the Indian sub-continent (fore say Muslims, Ismailis and Goese). At the same time, we invoke the academic discussion around the elected concepts. For that we found necessary, previously to the references to the dispersion, an allusive observation to the cast phenomenon, that, following the specialists' advices in the matter (vd. Fuller, 1992, Perez, 1994, Rudner, 1994, inter alia), we believed to be an important contribution for the proposed reflection. Next we propose a return to the past, theoretically backgrounding the a) the relationship of the Indians with Eastern Africa and the beginning of its dispersion en route for the rest of the World, analysing, obviously, b) the Mozambique territory with particular accuracy and c) the exodus from the African colonies and its arrival to Europe in a general way, particularizing the expression of this movement, in its arrival to Portugal, a diffused in time entrance. Subsequently the concept of Diaspora assumes the spotlight in our reflection, opening with the classic texts that introduced the notion to Social Sciences, to the contemporary works that centralize its problematization around what considers to be the approach adapted to the Diaspora concept. Concomitantly will be made an approach to the circumstances in which the Hindu Diaspora emerges from an Indian Diaspora and their interrelation. In the final section of this paper we will try to present a succession of "photographs" with the purpose of visualizing the consolidation of the associative expression in Portugal, anchoring our reflection in testimonies of individuals' directly involved in the creative process of such associations. The fundamental idea is the characterization of the Hindu Diaspora, increasing or decreasing our microscope lens as we converge ourselves in the developments of the same in a general way, or in its intersection with the Portuguese history.
    • Social exclusion and young South Asians in Britain, Sutapa Haldar (University of Luton) The government is determined that Britain should be a more successful multicultural country. There are challenges for diverse societies in also being inclusive. The government recognises that more needs to be accomplished and is willing to take some steps to promote race equality. The Social Exclusion Unit and Policy Action Team's report (2000) also put forward additional action to tackle minority ethnic social exclusion. I am interested to identify the perceived origins, nature, impact and sense of social exclusion among young South Asians from a South Asian perspective. The 1991 Census showed that out of the ethnic minority population of just over three million, almost half (2.7 per cent of the total population) was of South Asian origin. In spite of being a large population, South Asians are disproportionately excluded by racial discrimination, inadequate recognition of their diversities, inappropriate service provision, language, religion, and cultural differences (Social Exclusion Unit 2000). Significantly 50 per cent of the South Asian population of Britain is between 16 and 24 years of age compared with 31 per cent of the White population (Labour Force Survey 1999). The research methodology of this study has got three main elements: First, secondary analysis of statistics of social exclusion in order to establish indicators of social exclusion for young South Asians, which is done mainly from available government data and background information. Second, professional and adult perspectives on ‘social exclusion and South Asian youth' in local context is collected through interviewing relevant professionals and adults in Luton. Third, a diverse sample of young men and women of South Asian background between 13 and 19 years are interviewed to explore their experiences and perceptions of social exclusion. Interviews with young people revealing their experiences, concerns and perceptions of social exclusion; existing indicators of their exclusion; difference in extent and nature of concern about exclusion between young Pakistanis, Bangladeshis, Kashmiris, and Indians. Next stage of the research will be to pay particular attention to analyse the concept of social exclusion and work of Social Exclusion Unit from a South Asian perspective.
    • Dynamics of jati and gender in early Sikh migration to Britain, Kanta Kaur Rhodes (University of Oxford) My research explores aspects of the South Asian diaspora by focusing on the historical experiences of a particular community that migrated to Britain in the early twentieth century, namely, the Bhatra Sikhs. This community presents an interesting case study of the ways in which processes of migration and re-settlement affected ethnic and gender identities. More specifically, I explore the problematic of jati and gender. Although Sikhi emerged as a radical challenge to Brahmanic oppression based on notions of gender and jati, such categories continued to exist in the Punjabi community within which Sikhi was enmeshed. Jati was a highly significant factor in social dynamics among Sikhs, not least in the ways in which it influenced patterns of migratory flows abroad. [Darshan Singh Tatla, The Sikh Diaspora (1999)] . The role of women migrants was also critical, particularly in the reproduction of ethnic identity. Taking the case of the early migrant Bhat Sikh women, I explore the ways in which ethnicity and its internal categories of jati and gender are reproduced. Tracing the socio-economic conditions and cultural notions of Sikh women in Punjab, we can discern the ways in which these norms are transformed by those that migrate and settle in Britain, and the process through which they are transmitted to second and subsequent generations.
  • 11:30-1:00: SOUTH ASIAN ECONOMIES, Convenor: V Balasubramanyam (University of Lancaster) v.balasubramanyam@lancaster.ac.uk
    • India's Economic Liberalisation and the Manufacturing Sector, Vidya Mahambare (Cardiff Business School) This paper assesses the impact of India's economic reforms initiated in 1991 on methods of financing investment and productive efficiency of the major industries in India's manufacturing sector. The 'sunrise' industries such as software and pharmaceuticals seem to have benefited from access to imported technology and the distortion free competitive environment. In general, however, the post-reform period appears to be one of turbulence and disequilibrium with most manufacturing industries recording a decline in total factor productivity growth.
    • Economics of the Asian Refugee Problem, Sadqat Deger (Institute for Asian Studies, Birmingham University)
  • 1:00: LUNCH, then conference disperses

THURSDAY, 18 APRIL (Optional)

All-day tour of the Lake District, starting with the Ruskin (who inspired Gandhi) Museum at the University, including Ruskin's home, Brantwood, on Lake Coniston, Wordsworth's Cottage and (hopefully) daffodils.

CONFERENCE PARTICIPANTS

Katharine Adeney katharine.adeney@balliol.ox.ac.uk
'Baloo' Balasubramanyam ecavnb@exchange.lancs.ac.uk
Santonu Basu basus@sbu.ac.uk
Richard Bingle Mill Hill, London.
Priti Biswas p.biswas@lancaster.ac.uk
Robert Bradnock bobbradnock@compuserve.com
Alan Bullion alan.bullion@informa.com
Michael Carrington mcarrington@mcarrington.screaming.net
Chakravarti Ram Prasad c.ram-prasad@lancaster.ac.uk
Graham Chapman g.chapman@lancaster.ac.uk
Nandini Chatterjee nc247@cam.ac.uk
Marcus Daechsel mdaechsel@aol.com
Sadat Deger s.deger@bham.ac.uk
Jeff Diamond jd20@soas.ac.uk
Nuno Dias nunomdias@mac.com
Pat Ellis patellis@compuserve.com
David Festa Czechoslovakia
Sutapa Haldar sutapa.haldar@luton.ac.uk
Kevin Hannam kevin.hannam@sunderland.ac.uk
Z A Hilali A.Z.Hilali@pol-as.hull.ac.uk
J.A.Karunaratne j.a.karunaratne@kau.se
Kanta Rhodes Kaur kanta.rhodes@sant.ox.ac.uk
Ganesh Kumar g.kumar@uea.ac.uk
Apurba Kundu a.kundu@bradford.ac.uk
Yun Lihong j.a.karunaratne@kau.se
Vidya Mahambare mahambarev@Cardiff.ac.uk
Averil Powell ap5@soas.ac.uk
Tej Purewal tej.purewal@man.ac.uk
Ben Rogaly b.rogaly@uea.ac.uk
Yunas Samad y.samad@bradford.ac.uk
Pat Saunders Pat_Saunders@btinternet.com
Bobby Sayyid s.sayyid@salford.ac.uk
Kunal Sen k.sen@uea.ac.uk
Ali Taghavi 018058130@01.lincolncampus.lincoln.ac.uk or smataghavi@hotmail.com
David Treloar david.treloar@btopenworld.com
Rajendra Vaidya vaidya@ididr.ac.in
Louise Waite L.Waite@uea.ac.uk
Julia Wardhaugh j.wardhaugh@bangor.ac.uk
Meera Warrier m.warrier@uea.ac.uk
Francis Watkins F.Watkins@ed.ac.uk
Glyn Williams g.o.williams@esci.keele.ac.uk
Andrew Wyatt a.k.j.wyatt@bris.ac.uk

BOOKING FORM

The Conference Booking Form follows below. Please print out, fill in, and return (with payment) to:

Bette Nichols
BASAS Secretariat
Department of Geography
Lancaster University
Lancaster LA1 4YB
UK Tel: +44-(0)1524-593-646

Email: b.nichols@lancaster.ac.uk

LAST DATE FOR REGISTRATION: MONDAY, 1 APRIL 2002.

TRAVEL DETAILS

The BASAS Annual Conference 2002 will take place in the MANAGEMENT SCHOOL of LANCASTER UNIVERSITY.

The campus of the University of Lancaster is compact. It is arranged on a north-south axis, with a central Alexandra Square. From this square walk south (down-hill) through the central arch and follow the footpath and signs until you reach the Management School on your right, two minutes' walk from the Square ( the Management School is building 35 on this campus map).

TRAVEL INFORMATION

The Lancaster Campus is at Bailrigg, approximately 3 miles south of the centre of the city of Lancaster.

By road from the north or south: Leave the M6 motorway at junction 33 and take the A6 north towards Lancaster and continue for 1 3/4 miles (passing through the village of Galgate). Turn right at the second set of traffic lights into the University main drive. Please use the perimeter road for parking, not the named avenues. (A good map site is www.multimap.com.)

By rail: There are direct rail links between Lancaster and London (Euston), Birmingham, Leeds, Manchester, Oxford and major cities in Scotland. The single journey between London and Lancaster takes between 3 and 3 l/2hours. Taxis are usually available from outside the station, otherwise, there is a bus stop a few minutes walk away by Lancaster market on Common Garden Street.

By coach and bus: Lancaster city is on the national coach network; National Express coaches call at the University. Local buses (numbers 1, 2 and 2A) from Lancaster bus station run approximately every 20 minutes to the University. There is also a direct service - UniSprint - which again runs at 20 minute intervals.

By air: We recommend that, whenever possible, overseas visitors reach Lancaster via Manchester International Airport. From the airport, there are a number of travel options:

  • There is a direct rail link from the Manchester International Airport (terminal 2) to Lancaster, (total journey time is between 1 l/2 and 2 l/2 hours, depending on the time of day). This is our recommended option.
  • (There is a shuttle bus from the Main Bus Station near the International Arrivals to either Manchester Piccadilly rail station or (better) Manchester Victoria rail station (total journey time is between 1 1/4 and 2 3/4 hours, depending on the time of day).
  • By car: take M56 motorway from junction 5 and then join the M6 at junction 20a (North) and proceed as in By Road above.

POSTGRADUATE BURSARY

Application for a Postgraduate Bursary to present a paper at the BASAS Annual (Lancaster) Conference, 15-17 APRIL 2002. Please print out, fill in, and return to:

Dr Graham Chapman
BASAS Secretary
Department of Geography
Lancaster University
Lancaster LA1 4YB
UK
Tel: +44-(0)1524-593-646

Email:: g.chapman@lancaster.ac.uk

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